📖 Reading Comprehension - Formula Sheet

🎯 Reading Strategy

SQ3R Method

Survey → Question → Read → Recite → Review Survey: Skim text for structure Question: Form questions based on headings Read: Read actively for answers Recite: Recall key points Review: Revise important information

Active Reading Techniques

1. Preview the passage (title, length, structure)
2. Identify main idea while reading
3. Note key supporting details
4. Mark important information
5. Summarize each paragraph

📊 Question Types

Main Idea Questions

“What is the main theme?” “Best title for the passage:” “Primary purpose of the author:”

Detail Questions

According to the passage… The author states that… Which of the following is true…

Inference Questions

The author implies that… It can be inferred that… The passage suggests that…

Vocabulary Questions

“What does the word ‘X’ mean in context?” “Which word is similar in meaning to…”

🔢 Passage Structure Analysis

Introduction

Usually contains:

• Main topic introduction
• Background information
• Author’s main argument

Body Paragraphs

Contains:

• Supporting details
• Examples and evidence
• Counterarguments (if any)
• Additional explanations

Conclusion

Contains:

• Summary of main points
• Final thoughts
• Recommendations or implications

⚡ Skimming and Scanning

Skimming (Main Ideas)

Read first and last sentences Look for topic sentences Identify key words and phrases Get overall meaning

Scanning (Specific Information)

Look for keywords from questions Scan for names, dates, numbers Find specific details quickly Locate exact information

📝 Question-Answer Strategy

Step-by-Step Process

1. Read questions first (if allowed)
2. Identify keywords in questions
3. Scan passage for relevant sections
4. Read context around keywords
5. Compare with answer options
6. Select best answer
7. Verify with text evidence

Elimination Technique

1. Eliminate obviously wrong answers
2. Remove partially correct options
3. Choose most accurate remaining option
4. Verify with text support

🔍 Common Passage Topics

Economic Issues

GDP, inflation, monetary policy Trade, commerce, industries Development, growth, challenges

Social Issues

Education, healthcare, environment Technology, society, culture Governance, policies, reforms

Scientific/Technical

Research, innovations, discoveries Technology, computers, internet Environment, climate, sustainability

⚡ Time Management

Reading Time Allocation

Long passage (400-500 words): 2-3 minutes Medium passage (300-400 words): 1-2 minutes Short passage (200-300 words): 1 minute

Question Time

Main idea: 30 seconds Detail questions: 20-30 seconds each Inference questions: 40-50 seconds each Vocabulary: 15-20 seconds each

📚 Vocabulary Enhancement

Context Clues

1. Definition clues (means, is, refers to)
2. Example clues (for example, such as)
3. Contrast clues (but, however, although)
4. Logic clues (because, since, therefore)

Word Analysis

Prefix + Root + Suffix Context meaning vs. dictionary meaning Positive/negative connotation Formal/informal usage

🔍 Quick Tips

Before Reading

Read questions if permitted Identify question types Mental preparation

During Reading

Stay focused and alert Highlight key information Make mental notes Connect ideas logically

After Reading

Summarize main points Answer questions systematically Verify answers with text Review if time permits

Master Reading Comprehension - Practice actively, think critically! 📖